The Lady of Shalott by Tennyson and Lady of Shalott by Liz Loched Essay

The Lady of Shalott by Tennyson and Lady of Shalott by Liz Loched In this essay I will compare and melody the dickens poems, The lady of Shalott by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Lady of Shalott by Liz Lochhed. The two poems have very similar ideas and themes but are written in two very different styles. The Lady of Shalott is set in medieval times and is about a young woman trapped in a tower. She cannot bequeath the tower or even look out the window, as she believes that if she does a curse will come upon her. So she sits in her tower weaving and observance the people outside using a mirror. Lady of Shalott, the moment poem is set in the 20th century and is about a teenage young woman getting ready for a youth club dance. As shes getting dressed she prays that shell find a boyfri oddment at the dance, but in the end she returns home disappointed. The first poem, The Lady of Shalott is written in ballad form and has a rhythm or beat that goes A-A-A-A-B -C-C-C-B. The first part of the poem is written in a very playing style, On either side the river lye Long fields of barley and of rye The way it is written makes all the verses flow together as they build up a picture of the town of Camelot. This part uses a lot of descriptive words and language, Four gray walls, and quaternary gray towers, Overlook a space of flowers. This works very effectively and gives you a clear picture in your mind as to how the area looks. The generator also uses imagery when he says Tis the fairy Lady of Shalott this suggest that the Lady is not quite real and is a reference to a kind of trick theme, which runs through the poem. The chip part of the poem is writ... ...es between the poems as similarities though. The main differences between the two poems are the styles in which they are written. Where the first poem has a constant rhythm and rhyme scheme the second poem is written in free verse with no pattern. Another d ifference is the language apply in the two poems. The first poem uses a lot of flowing descriptive words whereas the second poem is much more abrupt with little descriptive language. In conclusion, I would say that although the two poems have similar themes-of love and romance-they are totally different. I would say that I prefer the second poem to the first, as it is more modern. The first poem is really long and old-fashioned and written in a kind of old style language. The second is more up-to-date and easier to read and understand, so its my favourite of the two.

Sappho And St. Teresa De Avila :: essays research papers

Day by daytime wo manpower are faced with obstacles only because of gender. In the plays we have read women are faced with obstacles but overcome them. Women in the past were expected to be submissive and non object to the men&8217s decisions. The world today has changed its face. No longer are women quiet. Sappho and her ready is a good example in our readings to represent today&8217s day and time. Her poems seem contemporary, very modern. The Descent of Inanna ,on the other hand, is a prime example of works we&8217ve read that represent the past much more. I strongly hope that each generation is a product of the previous generation, and during the Ancient World, women were not expected to write. They were submissive and their religious superior had the final say. Sappho broke these rules and went against the odds. She wrote and produced wonderful work that everyone can relate to during any time period. Although religious leaders successfully destroyed a great amount of her wo rk, the few parts and pieces that survived still place things of today in such short lines and phrases. &8220At noontime is a good example of this. It describes the sun and its&8217 heat and the cricket which till today &8220sets up a high-pitched singing in his wings. &8220If you will come is another example. &8220At noontime is simple to say it relates to today&8217s world, the sun will always be bouncy the cricket will always live, but the customs and traditions of people do and Sappho still describes customs from her time that live today. &8220If you will come tells of things that generally a psyche would do for visitors. It says, &8220 If you will come I shall put out new pillows for you to rest on. In just these few lines so much is said. This can be taken as literally taking our new pillows for a visitor to sleep on and rest after a long drive to your home. It may also mean that the host is making the visitor feel at home by welcoming him with open arms. Nevertheless, thi s poem describes customs that a soulfulness would do now. For these reasons Sappho&8217s works are the most modern in our readings. The Descent of Inanna is quite the opposite of Sappho. It describes Inanna going into the &8220underworld a place that we do not relate to as easily as a worldly location.

Alternative Energy Essay -- Environment, Fossil Fuel, Wind Energy

A topic that has been in discussion throughout the years was the use of alternative energy. Alternative slide fastener is be increasingly used due to The threat of global warming. (Tom Udall, Clean Energy, par. 3). The result of the burning of fossil fuels and fossil fuels are soon depleting and alternative energies will be the shipway that people will be living in the near future. As the positives of alternative energy will provide a healthier and antiseptic future, cost is roundthing people underestimate. The price of alternative energy will increase our national deficit as well as the peoples taxes, as manufacturing these products that will create alternative energy is expensive. As the economy of the United States continues to fall apart, Americans continually overuse fossil fuels and increasing the chance of global warming. As this epidemic continues to rise, the government issued a bill asking for change to the way fossil fuels are organism used up.As the government start ed dealing with this problem, whatsoever influential senators have designed a bill called S.3813 Renewable Electricity Promotion Act of 2010 stating by 2021, power plants will be run by 15% alternative energy. (Reuters, US renewable energy bill, par. 2). This is the debate of how the future will end up. This measure will attend to protect and create hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs and clutches America in the clean energy race. (Par. 6). As this debate continues to persuade other members of Congress, the bill will be persuaded by interest groups who were made to instigate or demote the bill.Interest Groups will use all the resources they can possibly use to find shipway to beat the other interest groups to uphold tug its ideas. As the bill is going through Cong... ...passed the Senate, where the Senate need to collaborate in where certain amendments fit, the last time someone was looking at S. 3813 was household 21, 2010, shows that slow progression of the bill. T he bill was considered in committee which has recommended it be considered by the Senate as a whole. (Gov Track, S. 3813, par. 1).The most influential group that has made the most partakeion would be the American Petroleum Institute, where they have the expertise of 270 staff members, where each work on a different aspect of the bill and find ways for the bill to be past. The government hasnt resolved the problem yet because the bill is still being placed under amendments that apply to the bill. It is being conservatively examined by the Senators so that mistakes in the bill are not passed and are revised and which will help the economy and the people of the United States. Alternative Energy Essay -- Environment, Fossil Fuel, Wind EnergyA topic that has been in discussion throughout the years was the use of alternative energy. Alternative Energy is being increasingly used due to The threat of global warming. (Tom Udall, Clean Energy, par. 3). The result of the bur ning of fossil fuels and fossil fuels are soon depleting and alternative energies will be the ways that people will be living in the near future. As the positives of alternative energy will provide a healthier and spick-and-span future, cost is something people underestimate. The price of alternative energy will increase our national deficit as well as the peoples taxes, as manufacturing these products that will create alternative energy is expensive. As the economy of the United States continues to fall apart, Americans continually overuse fossil fuels and increasing the chance of global warming. As this epidemic continues to rise, the government issued a bill asking for change to the way fossil fuels are being used up.As the government started dealing with this problem, some influential senators have designed a bill called S.3813 Renewable Electricity Promotion Act of 2010 stating by 2021, power plants will be run by 15% alternative energy. (Reuters, US renewable energy bill, pa r. 2). This is the debate of how the future will end up. This measure will help protect and create hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs and concur America in the clean energy race. (Par. 6). As this debate continues to persuade other members of Congress, the bill will be persuaded by interest groups who were made to promote or demote the bill.Interest Groups will use all the resources they can possibly use to find ways to beat the other interest groups to help promote its ideas. As the bill is going through Cong... ...passed the Senate, where the Senate need to collaborate in where certain amendments fit, the last time someone was looking at S. 3813 was family 21, 2010, shows that slow progression of the bill. The bill was considered in committee which has recommended it be considered by the Senate as a whole. (Gov Track, S. 3813, par. 1).The most influential group that has made the most impact would be the American Petroleum Institute, where they have the expertise of 270 s taff members, where each work on a different aspect of the bill and find ways for the bill to be past. The government hasnt resolved the problem yet because the bill is still being placed under amendments that apply to the bill. It is being guardedly examined by the Senators so that mistakes in the bill are not passed and are revised and which will help the economy and the people of the United States.

The Negative Portrayal of Native Americans in Children’s Literature Ess

The Negative Portrayal of Native Americans in Childrens LiteratureThe American institution has raised countless generations with misconceptions and lies regarding various foreign cultures. During the 1950s the educational system in America was given the responsibility of teaching children the horrors and injustices they would suffer if the disgust communist took over the world. Schools taught students that communist wanted to take away music, apple pie, baseball, and anything else that Americans cherished. Students learned that it was best to believe in the righteous of America. The preceding discussion has untold in common with the treatment that Native Americans postulate received from picture supports in America.The American society came to the conclusion hundred of years ago that it was in the best interest of America to misrepresent Native Americans, both in the past and present. The American continents were said to be inhabited with animal-like savages that had no cultural value. Schools have taught that it was the Europeans duty to civilize the new lands. One of the primary tools that have been used in the education of children is the picture book. Picture books have provided the American institution with a means of teaching our children that the Native Americans were bestial and animalistic, thus enabling us to ignore or justify the atrocities that Europeans and Americans have inflicted on the native societies.Picture books are one of the first mediums of learning that children encounter. The picture book was first created in 1657 by John Amos Comenius. Comeniuss book was entitled Orbis Pictus (The world of Pictures) and was an alphabet book (Martinez 57). Picture books are used to lay the foundations of the histori... ...York. 1969.DAulaire, Ingri & Edgar Parin. George Washington. Doubleday, & Co., New York. 1936.Edmonds, Walter D. The Matchlock Gun. Dodd, Mead & Company, New York. 1941.Fritz, Jean. The Good Giants and the Bad Pukwudgies. Putnam, New York. 1982.Goble, Paul. Buffalo Woman. Bradbury Press, New York. 1984.Hoyt-Goldsmith, Diane. Arctic Hunter. Holiday House, New York. 1992.Lewis, Richard. only of You was Singing. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York. 1991.Lindgren, Merri V. The Multicolored Mirror Cultural Substance in Literature for Children and Young Adults. Highsmith Press, Wisconsin. 1991.Maxim, George W. The Very Young Guiding Children from Infancy through the ahead of time Years. Prentice Hall, Ohio. 1993.Monjo, F. N. Indian Summer. Harper & Row Publishing, New York. 1968.Parish, Peggy. Little Indian. Simon & Schuster, New York. 1968.

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie Essays -- Then There Were

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie  And Then There Were None, is an intrigue murder mystery novel that follows the lines of a poem called tenner Little Indians.  The story is intricately written to keep the reader in absolute unbelief from the beginning to end. The novel involves eight people being mysteriously invited to spend a summer holiday on Indian Island.  Among the eight are a judge (Justice John Wargrave), doctor (Edward James Armstrong), military general (General John Macarthur), former inspector/current private detective (William Blore), mercenary (Phillip Lombard), young gamey athlete (Tony Marston), religious woman (Emily Brent), and a schoolt separatelyer (Vera Claythorne).  Additionally, a married couple consisting of a butler (Thomas Rogers) and a maid (Ethel Rogers) are both already present on the island.  With the exception of the Rogers, only the host, who is expected to arrive the next day, is absent.  As the guests begin talki ng together, they discover that all of them were invited by a Mr. U.N. Owen.  Wargrave surmises that their hosts allude is fictitious since it so closely resembles the word unknown.  The other guests agree, and tension begins to build.  Another mystery is the fact that each of the guests has found a poem titled Ten Little Indians in each of their rooms, and mysteriously enough, it appears that there are ten small Indian statuettes arranged at the dinner t up to(p).  It doesnt take long for each of the guests to realize that the poem and statuettes are representative for each of them. With passing of the first nights dinner, the group hears a mysterious voice condemning each one of them to a specific murder.  A phonograph i... ...led, and even made comments to other guests that he was ready to die.  In an absolute panic, Vera ends up killing Blore and then, not being able to deal with what is happening, she commits suicide. The last topic of discussion I found was the one pertaining to death.  Death occurs continuously throughout the novel.  After the guests realize that the other guests are not having mere accidents or killing themselves, they realize they are all going to die.  With the exception of Wargrave, all of the islands guests die.  Rather, they are all murdered. This was an exceptional novel, masterfully written to egg on the reader into feeling the very same fears, doubts and suspicions as the characters.  The only thing I didnt like was the fact that Wargrave is never found, nor is there a mention as to why his body is never found.  

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie Essays -- Then There Were

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie  And Then There Were None, is an intriguing murder mystery myth that follows the lines of a rime called Ten Little Indians.  The story is intricately written to keep the reader in absolute suspense from the beginning to end. The novel involves eight people being mysteriously invited to spend a summer holiday on Indian Island.  Among the eight are a judge (Justice legerdemain Wargrave), doctor (Edward James Armstrong), military general (General John Macarthur), former inspector/current private detective (William Blore), mercenary (Phillip Lombard), young rich athlete (Tony Marston), ghostly woman (Emily Brent), and a schoolteacher (Vera Claythorne).  Additionally, a married couple consisting of a butler (Thomas Rogers) and a maid (Ethel Rogers) are both already present on the island.  With the exception of the Rogers, only the host, who is expected to arrive the next day, is absent.  As the guests begin talking t ogether, they discover that all of them were invited by a Mr. U.N. Owen.  Wargrave surmises that their hosts name is fictitious since it so closely resembles the word unknown.  The other guests agree, and tension begins to build.  Another mystery is the fact that each of the guests has found a poem titled Ten Little Indians in each of their rooms, and mysteriously enough, it appears that there are ten small Indian statuettes arranged at the dinner table.  It doesnt take long for each of the guests to realize that the poem and statuettes are representative for each of them. With passing of the first nights dinner, the group hears a mysterious voice condemning each one of them to a specific murder.  A phonograph i... ...led, and even made comments to other guests that he was ready to die.  In an absolute panic, Vera ends up killing Blore and then, not being able to deal with what is happening, she commits suicide. The bear topic of discussion I found was the one pertaining to death.  Death occurs continuously throughout the novel.  After the guests realize that the other guests are not having mere accidents or killing themselves, they realize they are all going to die.  With the exception of Wargrave, all of the islands guests die.  Rather, they are all murdered. This was an exceptional novel, masterfully written to propel the reader into face the very same fears, doubts and suspicions as the characters.  The only thing I didnt like was the fact that Wargrave is never found, nor is there a mention as to why his embody is never found.  

Chapter 2 Exercises & Case Exercises Essay

Exercises1. Consider the statement an individual threat agent, like a hacker, can be a factor in more than wizard threat category. If a hacker hacks into a network, copies a few files, defaces the Web page, and steals credit card numbers, how many different threat categories does this try fall into?a. Overall, I deal this attack falls into four major threat categories deliberate acts of misdemeanor, compromises to intellectual property, skillful ruins, and managerial failure. Furthermore, I believe this attack would be reason as a deliberate act of theft/trespass which compromises intellectual property due to technical and managerial failures. b. It seems as this hacker was deliberately cause harm (i.e. copying files, vandalizing the web page, and theft of credit card numbers) due to their method of entry hacking into a network it leaves me to believe there were nearly technical failures, much(prenominal) as software vulnerabilities or a trap door. However, that is just o ne possibility as to what could have occurred. This could have also been a managerial failure say the unknow hacker used social engineering to obtain the information to gain access to the network proper planning and role execution could have potentially thwarted this hackers attack. 2. Using the Web, research Mafiaboys exploits. When and how did he compromise sites? How was he caught? c. Michael Demon Calce, also known as Mafiaboy, was a high school student from West Island, Quebec, who launched a series of highly bare DDoS (denial-of-service) attacks in February 2000 against large commercial websites including Yahoo, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*Trade, eBay, and CNN. Calce also attempted to launch a series of simultaneous attacks against nine of the thirteen root name servers. d. On February 7th, 2000, Calce targeted Yahoo With a project he named Rivolta meaning riot in Italian. This project utilized a denial of service cyber-attack in which servers commence overloaded with different types of communications, to thepoint in which they entirely shut agglomerate.Calce managed to shut down the multibillion dollar company and the webs top search engine for almost an hour. His goal was to establish dominance for himself and trinitrotoluene his cybergroup. Over the next week, Calce also brought down eBay, CNN, Amazon and Dell via the same DDoS attack. e. Calces actions were under suspicion when the FBI and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police notice posts in an IRC chatroom which bragged/claimed responsibleness for the attacks. He became the chief suspect when he claimed to have brought down Dells website, an attack not yet publicized at the time. schooling on the source of the attacks was initially discovered and reported to the press by Michael Lyle, chief technology officer of Recourse Technologies. Calce initially denied responsibility but later pled guilty to most of the charges brought against him the Montreal Youth Court sentenced him on Septe mber 12, 2001 to eight months of open custody, one year of probation, restricted use of the Internet, and a small fine. It is estimated that these attacks caused $1.2 billion dollars in global economic damages. 3. Search the Web for the The Official Phreakers Manual. What information contained in this manual of arms might help a gage administrator to protect a communications system? f. A security administrator is a specialist in computer and network security, including the ecesis of security devices such as firewalls, as well as consulting on general security measures. g. Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks.Since telephone networks have become computerized, phreaking has become closely linked with computer hacking. i. Example of Phreaking Using various audio frequencies to manipulate a phone system. h. O verall, a security administrator could use this manual to gain knowledge of terms associated with phreaking and the ins & outs of the operation (i.e. how it is executed). However, the security administrator should focus on Chapter 10 War on Phreaking this section (pg 71-73) deals with concepts such as access, doom, tracing, and security. An administrator could reverse engineer this information to protect his/her systems from such attacks. 4. The chapter discussed many threats and vulnerabilities to information security. Using the Web, find at least two sassy(prenominal) sources of information onthreat and vulnerabilities. Begin with www.securityfocus.com and use a keyword search on threats. i. http//www.darkreading.com/vulner major power-threatsii. Dark Readings Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is your resource for falling out news and information on the latest potential threats and technical vulnerabilities affecting todays IT environment. Written for security and IT p rofessionals, the Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is designed to pass on in-depth information on newly-discovered network and application vulnerabilities, potential cybersecurity exploits, and security research results j. http//www.symantec.com/security_response/iii. Our security research circle arounds around the humankind provide unparalleled analysis of and egis from IT security threats that include malware, security risks, vulnerabilities, and spam. 5. Using the categories of threats mentioned in this chapter, as well as the various attacks described, review several current media sources and identify examples of each. k. Acts of human misunderstanding or failureiv. Students and staff were told in February that rough 350,000 of them could have had their social security numbers and financial information exposed on the internet. v. It happened during an upgrade of some of our IT systems. We were upgrading a server and through human error there was a misconfiguration i n the isthmusting up of that server, say UNCC spokesman, Stephen Ward. l. Compromises to intellectual propertyvi. Today we take news of action against a site that supplied links to films, music and games hosted on file-hosters all around the world. Authorities say they have charged three individuals said to be the administrators of a very large file-sharing site. vii. To get an idea of the gravity local police are putting on the case, we can compare some recent stats. According to US authorities Megaupload, one of the worlds largest websites at the time, cost rightsholders $500m. GreekDDL (according to Alexa Greeces 63rd largest site) allegedly cost rightsholders $85.4m. m. see acts of espionage or trespassviii. The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defence mechanism contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee of various outside contractors, including Booz Allen and Dell. ix. Snowden go forth go down in history as one of Americas most consequential whistleblowers, alongside Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is responsible for handing over material from one of the worlds most secretive organization the NSA. x. Additional, interesting, read http//www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57600000/edward-snowdens-digital-maneuvers-still-stumping-u.s-government/ 1. The governments forensic investigation is wrestling with Snowdens apparent ability to defeat safeguards naturalised to monitor and deter people looking at information without proper permission. n. Deliberate acts of information extortionxi. Hackers claimed to have revealed the systems of the Belgian credit provider Elantis and threatened to cut confidential customer information if the intrust does not pay $197,000 before Friday, they said in a statement posted to Paste bin. Elantis confirmed the data breach Thursday, but the bank said it will not give in to extortion threats. xii. The hackers claim to have captured login credentials and tables with online loan applications which hold data such as full names, job descriptions, contact information, ID card numbers and income figures. xiii. According to the hackers the data was stored unprotected and unencrypted on the servers. To prove the hack, parts of what they claimed to be captured customer data were published. o. Deliberate acts of sabotage or vandalismxiv. Fired Contractor Kisses Off Fannie Mae With Logic Bomb xv. Rajendrasinh Babubha Makwana, a former IT contractor at Fannie Mae who was fired for making a coding mistake, was charged this week with placing a logic bomb within the companys Urbana, Md., data center in late October of last year. The malware was set to go into effect at 9 a.m. EST Saturdayand would have disabled internal monitoring systems as it did its damage. Anyone logging on to Fannie Maes Unix server network by and by that would have seen the words Server Graveyard appear on their workstation screens. p. Deliberate acts of theftxvi. Four Russian nationals and a Ukrainian have been charged with zip a sophisticated hacking organization that penetrated computer networks of more than a dozen major American and international corporations over seven years, stealing and selling at least 160 million credit and debit card numbers, resulting in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars. q. Deliberate software attacksxvii. China Mafia-Style Hack Attack Drives California steady to Brink xviii. A group of hackers from China waged a relentless campaign of cyber harassment against Solid oak tree Software Inc., Milburns family-owned, eight-person firm in Santa Barbara, California. The attack began less than two weeks after Milburn publicly accused China of appropriating his companys parental filtering software, CYBERsitter, for a national Internet censoring project . And it ended unawares after he settled a $2.2 billion lawsuit against the Chinese government and a string of computer companies last April. xix. In between, the hackers assailed Solid Oaks computer systems, shutting down web and e-mail servers, spying on an employee with her webcam, and gaining access to sensitive files in a battle that caused company revenues to purl and brought it within a hairs breadth of collapse. r. Forces of naturexx. Websites Scramble As Hurricane Sandy Floods Data Centers xxi. The freak storm flooded data centers in New York City, taking down several major websites and services including The Huffington Post, Buzzfeed and Gawker that depended on them to run their businesses. xxii. Several websites stored their data at a lower Manhattan data center run by Datagram, whose basement was inundated with water during the storm, flooding generators that were intended to keep the power on. s. Deviations in quality of service from service providers xxiii. Chinas Internet hit by biggest cyberattack in its history xxiv.Internet users in China were met with sluggish response times early Sunday as the regions domain extension came under a denial of service attack. xxv. The attack was the largest of its kind ever in China, according to the China Internet net Information Center, a state agency that manages the .cn country domain. xxvi. The double-barreled attacks took place at around 2 a.m. Sunday, and then again at 4 a.m. The befriend attack was long-lasting and large-scale, according to state media, which said that service was slowly being restored. t. Technical hardware failures or errorsxxvii. A hardware failure in a Scottish RBS Group technology center caused a NatWest bank outage. xxviii. It prevented customers from using online banking services or doing debit card transactions. u. Technical software failure or errorsxxix. RBS boss blames software upgrade for account problems xxx. The boss of RBS has confirmed that a software change was responsible for the widespread computer problems affecting millions of customers bank accounts. v. Technological obsolescencexxxi. SIM Cards Have Finally Been Hacked, And The Flaw Could Affect Millions Of Phones xxxii. After three years of research, German cryptographer Karsten Nohl claims to have finally found encoding and software flaws that could affect millions of SIM cards, and open up another route on mobile phones for surveillance and fraud.Case ExercisesSoon after the board of directors meeting, Charlie was promoted to Chief Information Security Officer, a new position that reports to the CIO, Gladys Williams, and that was created to provide leadership for SLSs feats to improve its security profile.Questions1. How do Fred, Gladys, and Charlie perceive the scope and scale of the new information security effort? a. Charlies proposed information security plan aims at securing business software, data, the networks, and computers which store information. The scope of the inform ation security effort is sooner vast, aiming at securing each vulnerability in addition to the aforementioned, the new information security plan also focuses on the companys staff. Since extra effort will be required to implement the new managerial plan and install new security software and tools, the scale of this operation is quite large. 2. How will Fred measure success when he evaluates Gladys performance for this project? How will he evaluate Charlies performance? b. Gladys is appointed as CIO of the team, which is gathered to improve the security of the company due to virus attack that caused a loss in the company I believe Fred will measure Gladys success by her ability to lead, keep the plan on track (i.e. time management) and successfully sticking to the proposed budget. Charlie was promoted to chief information security officer, a new position that reports to the CIO I believe Fred will measure Charlies success by his ability to implement the new plan, report his/their pr ogress and the overall success of the new system. 3. Which of the threats discussed in this chapter should notice Charlies attention early in his planning process? c. Portable Media Management (Ex. USB, DVD-R/W) should receive Charlies attention early in his planning process

Planning and Enabling Learning Essay

This rationale focuses on the four areas of Negotiating with Learners, Inclusive Learning, Integrating Functional Skills and Communication. During my research I will draw upon a range of sources which include the internet, books, organisation media (leaflets) and lessons learned.Teaching processes should be cooperative between the student and tutor. To this end tutors should plan strategies like sign assessments, agreeing on learning goals and possible actions to be taken by in order to empower learners to achieve these goals.Petty, G (2009, p530) states Each learner is unique and has unmarried needs. If the needs of our learners are discovered, the chances of success are greatly increased. thus as a starting point initial assessments should be carried out prior to commencing a programme of education. Different learners have different learning needs and tutors must know their learners well to judge these requirements. This could be undertaken via a range of questions during the enr olment process, forms or/and questionnaires. Information obtained should be kept confidential so learners feel free to disclose as much information about themselves and their learning needs as possible.Agreeing goals and actions should be accomplished between learners and tutors. The effect macrocosm the learner will also feel that his/her views and opinions are being heard and taken into consideration. The advantages to the tutor being that the learner understands their responsibility to advance their own education and tasks/objectives/deadlines required to do so. The tutor should monitor the process to make sure learners reach their learning targets along the way and amend goals by agreement setting new actions when objectives are not reached.

Business Unit 3 Constraints of Marketing

Constraints of marketing Legal aspects There be four legal aspects that can limit and fasten your marketing, these are the sales of goods act 1979, and this law means that all products mustiness be as described of a reasonable quality and be suitable for everyday purpose and also any specific purpose agreed. E. g. a waterproof coat must be waterproof. An some other legal aspect is the softwood descriptions act this means that a product cannot be sold by misleading the buyer, in the way the product was made, what it is made of or where and when it was made.E. g. You cannot say something is handwoven if it is not, and a hair dryer made for drying hair, must actually dry hair. The consumer credit act 2002 protects consumers rights when they buy goods on credit. Traders who offer credit must fork out an OFT (Office of Fair Trading) licence, this deals with the method of calculating APR (Annual Percentage Rate) the form and content of the agreement, and lenders guidelines. When lend ing money, businesses much have interest rates clearly say and cannot change them after you have signed up.The Data Protection Act means that any information stored by marketers must only be utilize for the purpose stated when collected, it must be accurate and up to date, not unploughed longer than the period of time stated, and obtained fairly and lawfully. It must be kept up to date as if someone passes away you should not call asking for them. Also your information is protected from unauthorised use, and cannot be passed on to other companies without your permission. The information stored is available for your inspection and correction upon your request.Voluntary codes A voluntary constraint is when a company voluntary says they willing never do something or they will always do something. This could include signing a code of practice stating certain behaviours ethically, even though it cannot be legally enforced. The ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) overlook advertisem ents in the UK and have been controlling non-broadcast ads for nearly 50 years. They say adverts must be decent, legal, honest, and truthful. The ads online are also subject to these rules.Most companies sign up to the ASA and then on follow their rules, if the rules are broken they are not breaking the law but the ASA will publicise this and show everyone what has happened and what they have done. 2397 ads were changed or withdrawn in 2009 by the ASA. E. g. The advert, for the cut through Kas Evil twin featured a pigeon-bashing four wheeler that brought the wrath of animal rights activists across the country, meaning the advert never even made it to air in the UK. Pressure groups and consumerismPressure groups are groups of people who share the same interests in a business or product these groups can persuade or force businesses to restore changes to their products or services. E. g. cancer research focus on the particular smoking issue and attempt to reduce smoking. And Friends of the Earth are a multiple name group who seek to influence the decisions made concerning the environment. Greenpeace seek to promote environmental issues to its members and supporters. Marketing must include promotion to get people intrested. Consumerism is a favorable movement seeking to augment the rights of buyers in relation to sellers

Anti Terrorism: Within India Essay

The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA) was an anti-terrorism legislation en functioned by the Parliament of India in 2002. The act replaced the Prevention of Terrorism commandment (POTO) of 2001 and the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) (198595), and was supported by the governing National Democratic Alliance. The act was repealed in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance coalition.The circuit board was frustrated in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house) by a 113-98 vote,4 but was draw ined in a joint session, as the Lok Sabha (lower house) has more seats. It was only the third time that a bill was passed by a joint session of both houses of parliament.567Contentshide* 1 Purpose* 2 Repeal* 3 Prominent POTA cases* 4 See also* 5 References* 6 External linksedit PurposeThe act provided the statutory framework to strengthen administrative rights to fight terrorism deep down India, and was to be use against any persons and acts covered by the provisions within the act. It was non meant as a substitute for action under ordinary criminal equitys.The act specify what a terrorist act and a terrorist is, and granted special powers to the investigating authorities described under the act. To ensure certain powers were not misused and human rights violations would not take place, specific safeguards were built into the act.8 Under the new law, a suspect could be detained for up to 180 days without the filing of chargesheet in court. It also allowed law enforcement agencies to withhold the identities of witnesses, and to treat a confession made to the police as an admission of guilt. Under regular Indian law, a person can abandon such confessions in court, but not under POTA.9edit RepealOnce the Act became law, many reports surfaced of the law being grossly abused.10 Claims emerged that POTA legislation contributed to corruption within the Indian police and judicial system,11 and human rights and civil liberty groups fought against it . The use of the act became one of the issues during the 2004 general election. The United Progressive Alliance committed to repealing the act as part of their campaign. On October 7, 2004, the Union Cabinet approved the repeal of POTA.12 NDA and other parties condemned this act of publicity. NDA asked UPA to introduce the Act again, but Congress criticized it and did not pass the Act. In November 2008, after the attacks happened in Mumbai, Narendra Modi and Lal Krishna Advani accused UPA government for not passing the Act, which would have prevented the attacks.citation needed Activists supported to BJP government for this.edit Prominent POTA cases* Vaiko, a prominent Tamil politician, was controversially arrested under the POTA for his support to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.1314 * S.A.R. Geelani, a lecturer at Delhi University, was sentenced to death by a special POTA court for his alleged role in the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament. He was later acquitted on appeal by the Delhi Bench of the High Court on a legal technicality.15 * Syed Ali Shah Geelani, the leader of the Jamaat-e-Islami group, arrested under POTA.1617 * Raghuraj Pratap Singh, a.k.a. Raja Bhaiya, a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Kunda, India was arrested on the orders of then Chief Minister, Mayawati Kumari. He was sent to jail under POTA.18

Ethics and Philosophy of Social Research Essay

The complaisant query sh bes with all scientific endeavours the necessity to balance scientific inspiration with other ethical values that derive from the neighborly context in which all social query takes place. To some degree, the question ideal of objectivity unavoidably conflicts with humanistic values. Therefore, all enquiryers must at some time come to grips with this conflict. The issue, however, is especially crucial for social researchers because the focus of their research is the divvy up of other people. Thus, non only the goals of the social research just the very process of data collection is subject to ethical conflicts.The paper contains analysisthe synthesis of research results across a large number of studiesand on the social responsibility and ethical requirements of the social research. The ethical issues which researchers face in their day-to-day hit the books argon comparatively consistent across methods. The ethical principles adopted by researchers should govern their actions, whether they take place in field or laboratory environment.To make this point nigh strongly, this paper contains a separate section, which should serve as a strong point of reference for the social researcher, rather than providing a series of ethical requirements that are spread thinly throughout the various sections of this paper. These issues include the social and ethical responsibilities and constraints connected with the conduct of social research and advancing the cumulative progress of behavioural and social science through integrating and synthesizing findings from different current investigations. The paper hopes to make clear that social research is a collective enterprise undertaken in the context of ethical values.Main bodyEthics in Social ResearchEthics of Research Design and MethodologyBecause the subject matter of the social researcher is human behaviour and the processes that are associated with behaviour, it is unavoidable that resear cher interests will conflict sometimes with ethical values placed on the rights of people to cover and self-determination. The guidelines for social research ethics set by the Social Research Association (SRA) (2003) stress the idea of recruiting participants for research on the basis of informed approve this means that participation must be freewill and with the participants full knowledge of what research will include. However, it is declared that many subjects could non be researched at all if this ideal were widely met, and that the rights of individuals must be weighed against the possible importance of the research problem. David De Vaus (1996), for example, demonstrated in a verbal conditioning investigate that a full explanation of methods and hypotheses destroyed the phenomenon they were attempting to examine.In cases where full explanation of subject cannot be presented, SRA recommends that But there should, at least, be clarity somewhat opt-in and opt-out arrangemen ts, about the length and degree of commitment required of respondents, and about the precise goals of the research. Adequate subject de-briefing also seems essential to this last aim. Thus, the ethical code does not present free from limitations standards that relieve the researcher of important value judgments. Rather, judgments as to the comparative significance of research programmes and researchers responsibility for the well-being of their participants are the primary bases of research ethics.Deception in the LaboratoryThe degree to which participation is entirely voluntary is in many cases disputable, depending on the social and institutional pressures to take part in research that are at times involved. But usually, participants in laboratory experiments at least know that they participate in a research study. Notwithstanding, however, the training provided to participants in laboratory investigations is usually smallest, at best, and often purposely deceptive as to the goal s of the research study.To what degree this deception is justified by serving scientific purposes and the potential benefit to human welfare is a matter of considerable debate. Some critics claim that no deception is ever reasonable and that it should not be permitted in the interests of social research (Ortmann & Hertwig 746-747). Most social researchers, however, take a more temperate view, considering that there is an unavoidable compromise between values of entire honesty and informed consent and the possible value of what can be learned from the research itself. Just as the unimportant lie uttered in the interests of tact or politeness is regarded as acceptable when used in the service of better manners, so a little amount of deception whitethorn be acceptable in the service of obtaining reliable research data. However, there is also some controversy over whether social researchers earn exceeded this adequate minimum in their research (Barnes 320).For some years the practice of deception in laboratory experiments was considered acceptable by most experimenters. However, an article by Herbert Kelman (1967) reflected a growing concern with accepted among many people, and evidently undisputed, use of deception in social research. Kelmans article argued this practice on both ethical and operable grounds. Ethically, he claimed, any deception disregarded essential norms of respect in the inter soulal relationship that forms between researcher and research participant.Besides, the practice might soak up extreme methodological implications as participants become less naive and extreme suspiciousness begins to acquit an effect upon the outcomes of all research. To avoid these problems, Kelman advised that social researchers (a) dilute the unnecessary use of deception, (b) explore ways of counteracting or minimizing its negative consequences when deemed necessary, and (c) develop new methods, such as role playing or simulation techniques, which modify acti ve participation for deception (Kelman 10-11).Practices of experimenting with these alternative methodologies have been tried, nevertheless the results are consisting of conflicting thoughts, at best (Crespi 23). Thus, the general agreement in the social research is that some level of deception is often necessary to produce realistic conditions for testing research hypotheses. However, such deception needs to be justified by the nature and significance of the research question being studied. As James D. Faubion (2005) put it, The social researcher whose study may have a cracking chance of reducing violence or racism or sexism, still who declines to do the study simply because it requires deception, has not solved an ethical problem but only traded one for another (860).Ethical Issues in Field ResearchAlthough much of the discussion about the ethical implications of deception concentrates on laboratory experimentation, study conducted outside the laboratory often considers a numbe r of other ethical issues and concerns. Besides issues associated with consent to participate, researchers also must think over issues of privacy and confidentiality when research data are collected in field surroundings (Boruch 102).Because a main benefit of field research, from a scientific point of view, is the chance of obtaining samples of behaviour under naturally occurring circumstances, it often is beneficial to conduct such research under conditions in which the nature of the research is concealed. Therefore, the participants may not only be mislead regarding the goals of the research, but may even be uninformed that they are the subject of research in the first place. The use of frugal measures highlights this strategy (Ortlieb 2002), but even more traditional methods of data collection, such as the interview or questionnaire, are often conducted in such a manner as to conceal their true goal.Some researchers consider the practice of concealed observation or response elici tation as passable as long as it is limited to in fundamental way public behaviors or settings usually open to public examination. Adam Ashforth (1996), for example, presented a review of settings and behaviours for which concealed research methods have been used. However, there is the question of subjective definitions of what form public behaviours, specifically in urban settings where social norms lead to the probability of anonymity in public surroundings.Because by definition field research includes some act of intervening on the part of the researcher in the stimulus conditions to which the uninformed participants are exposed, ethical question about hidden observation is further difficult to understand because of concern over the nature of such manipulations. Instances of practice of experimenting in field settings comprise taxonomic variation of the content of applicant briefs sent to potential employers (Ashforth 1996), differential behaviour on the part of salesmen regardin g customers (Fairclough 2003) or customers toward salesmen (Fairclough 2003).To some degree these all drop within a normal range of human behaviour in public surroundings, the only difference being their methodical manipulation by the researcher. Yet, salt away data about individual behaviour in these cases evidently violates the spirit of informed consent, in particular when researchers conclude it is best not to inform individuals which have been observed even after the fact (Seiber 268).The Regulatory Context of Research Involving Human ParticipantsThe preceding discussion of ethical dilemmas is contemplated to present the idea that there are no easy, certain rules for deciding whether a specific research strategy or method is ethical or not. Rather, difficult enough to construct trust is involved in weighing the possible value of the research against potential stress or other costs to research participants. Ethical decision make includes a costbenefit analysis rather than t he consideration of certain strictures and rules (Alvaro & Crano 13).Much of the responsibility for decision making falls on the individual researcher, but one person alone is not always the best judge of what is of considerable importance and necessary research and what is possibly harmful to participants. Actually, there is good evidence that biases enter into scientists evaluations of the quality of their own research (Kimmel 1991). Therefore, the conduct of social research that meets reasonable ethical standards and methods is not just a matter of persons judgment, it is the law.Almost all social research that is supported by funds or conducted in educational or research institutions that receive financial support (of any kind) is subject to regulations concerning the conduct of social research. The primary dominance is The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) which is the UKs leading research funding and training agency addressing economic and social concerns. ESRC pro vides certain principles for protecting the welfare and dignity of human participants in research and provides policies and procedures that are required of institutions in which such research is conducted.The ESRC expects that the research it supports will be conducted according to a high ethical standard. This Research Ethics Framework (REF) sets out good ethical practice in UK social research.Although REF is a mandatory aspect of social research which involves human participants, it does not absolve the researcher from any further responsibility for the ethical conduct of his or her research.

Jinnikins Jeans Formative Assignment Essay

The Assignment will be arranged in a business report format in regards to the military rating of provided voice take aim for the staff at Jinnikins Jeans. This report will be in a truly brief and efficient frame. The Jinnikins Jeans evaluation will take place by using relevant theories and models that is being covered in the lectures as well as some independent research. This will be in the form of books, journals, and some online sources in order to support the theories.I intend to open this report with elucidative how important it is for employees to have a voice in organization in general as well as stressing the fact that how maintaining a good level of voice within the organization can influence positively for the employees and could lead to growth of the company. The next step would be a brief overview of the Jinnikins Jeans case involve and discuss how much they are maintaining the level of voice for employees in their business. Despite the fact that At Jinnikins Jeans th e two brothers are making the main decisions, the commitment bout model has been chosen.Because it allows to assess the impact of employees freedom voice range to the overall companys success by using its 5 parts in the cycle. The next step of this report will focuses in more details on the motivational aspect of the employees in Jennekins base on the fact that George and Trevor are the only one who is making the decisions at the company by using two different theories as they will allow different ways of evaluation to the topic. This will encompass Hertzberg analysis and Vroom expectancy theory.Vroom expectancy theory has been chosen as it allows to discuss about the requirement of completion of 3 elements of motivational forces in relation to give voice to the employees at jinnikins. The report will argue about the fact how the brothers can understand employees interests when they are non giving enough voice to them in order to relate their interest to their final out come of th eir performance results and keeping them motivated. The Hertzberg analysis has been chosen as it makes it possible to analyse how the brothers reward method in order to motivate their employees really affect to their motivational level.Furthermore, The report will evaluate how giving the voice to employees in Jinnikins Jeans has effected to the overall performance and their motivation by counting in using Hertzberg theory. Throughout the report, references of academic books will be present. These will accommodate the core and recommended references provided in the module guide. Furthermore, journal article will act as vital point of reference in order to evaluate Jinnikins Jeans in more details. The report will be referenced using Harvard style.

Political Science – The Cold War

The rimed fight was a decimal point of entrenched, ideological opposition, between the East Bloc-?the Soviet sum of m aney ND its allies-?and the westmost Bloc-?the united States and its allies-?in which both sides did everything to undermine one a nonher, short of outright military conflict. As the hop on of empire came to its precipice in 1945 CE, the frigorific fight ensued and lasted for decades, to active 1989 CE.The Second World War heralded a new multinational system that was not based on empire it was based on the diametrically opposed binaries of the East Bloc and West Bloc, which defined the international system for decades thenceforth. The stakes On 08 sublime 1 945, the joined States released atomic bombs in Hiroshima ND Nagasaki, Japan. For those individuals that grew up during the Cold War, the threat of thermonuclear state of cont stopping pinnacle was immutable. Cold war chronology the dates Yalta conference 04-?11 February, 1 945 Decided on the post-w ar division of europium the Cold War was not meant to occur.The great powers agreed on the unconditional surrender of Germany the division of Germany into four zones of ancestry free and fair elections in Poland, the Baltic states, and eastern europium the war criminals would be punished and Europe would be divided into two spheres of influence thence. Potsdam conference 17 July-?02 august 1945 Participants were the Soviet juncture, the united States, and the joined Kingdom and they agreed to work together. Germany would be demutualization, democratic, demoralized, decentralized, and identified. Agreement on persecution Of the war criminals.Germanys eastern border would be shifted west from the Odder-Noise Line, reducing its size by about 25 percent compared to its 1 937 territory. Orderly and charitable transfer of Germans from eastern Europe and Poland Germans would be expelled from this area. Winston Churchill atomic number 26 curtain speech march 1946 The phrase iron curta in was coined by Churchill to describe the division of astern Europe from the west imposed by the Soviet marrow. The key message was that an iron curtain descended upon Europe, and that the great cities of Berlin, Budapest, and Prague, among others, were within the Soviet man and wife sphere of influence.A ticker of collaboration and cooperation quickly dissolved between the Yalta and Potsdam conferences and Churchill speech. From here, the situation declined. German currency reform 20 June 1948 Introduced the German Deutsche Mark in the Western occupation zones. The currency reform was the acceptance that in that respect would not be one German stinting zone governed by four powers East and West Germany would have their profess currencies and the continent would be divided into two economic blocs. The German economy, suffering from a depression, was transformed.HOW did we get from 1945 to 1948 CE? Orthodox interpretation Revisionist interpretation George Seamans thesis. Soviet compact has ingrained tendency for expansion and had to be checkered this tendency was rooted in the Soviet labor unions history. Soviet essence had to treat outer world as hostile, as that antagonism was key to its existence. Cold War resulted from American reaction to Soviet expansion. The fault of the Soviet Union. William Appleton Williams thesis. The idea was to invert politics and economics.American policy was driven by a unalterable need for markets, explaining the constant expansion across the west in the United States, policy in Latin America, and hostility to the Soviet Union. An economic need determined American economic policy. The fault of the Americans. Political history of the rimed war Stalin and Churchill October 1944 Stalin and Churchill meet without Roosevelt and devise a percentages agreement. Europe would be divided into spheres of influence. Each power loud be given a certain percentage Of power over a jurisdiction.America protested against this plan. Stalin violated promises made to Churchill on the percentages. When Stalin went to the Yalta Conference, he had already violated the percentages agreement. Stalin agreed to democratic elections without any intention of adhering to his pledge. Stalin asserted that the Soviet Union would determine policy in any area in which the Red Army occupied. Iran and turkey subsequently the Second World War, the Soviet Union made moves on Iran and Turkey, giving the Soviet Union sovereignty and monopoly over Turkish traits.The Soviet Union demanded territory from Turkey and pushed troops into northern Iran, and only relinquish its control when the United States took the issue to the United Nations Security Council. Under diplomatic pressure, the Soviet union withdrew from these regions. It was in this politics that George Keenan wrote his X article. Eastern Europe 1945-1948 CE The Soviet Union went on to install regimes done eastern Europe, including Poland, where a communist government was imposed by force the Baltic states Hungary and in Czechoslovakia, thither was briefly a enigmatically elected government, which was overturned by the Soviet Union.In this politics, Germany became a line in the sand. German women were sexually assaulted across the Soviet occupied zone. The East German regime lost genuineness in response, the Western completelyies created West Germany-?the front line of the Cold War. Western policy toward Germany was highlighted by denationalization and decentralization. In its most extreme, the plan was to restore Germany to agricultural lands-?making the Germans affluent but powerless. Germany reintegrated into the occidental canon as an ally. 06 September 1 946 secretary of state James f. Erne Noted in speech that the Americans wanted to assist the Germans work their way out of hardships, to rejoin the international community. A social class afterward, the British pulled out of Greece, and the United States stepped in. Stalin has broken every one of the promises he made at Yalta. -Franklin Roosevelt All of Germany must be ours that is, Soviet communist. -Joseph Stalin The Marshall plan 1947 CE Massive destruction, starvation, and poverty across Europe necessitated an economic recovery plan. Currencies across Europe were severely devalued and raising credit was difficult. The Marshall plan was announced by GeorgeMarshall in 1947 CE to kick-start the European economy. The economic recovery program provided credits to Europeans to secure and import North American commodities. This was fundamental to reinvigorating the European economy. The Ignited States gave 13 billion dollars in reformation aid. The plan was offered to the Soviet Union, but it was defyed thus, all countries allied with the Soviet Union were forced to reject the plan as well. Stalins reaction to the Marshall plan First and foremost, Stalin rejected the Marshall Plan and banned all Soviet allies from participating.In September 1 947, Stalin announced the formation f the Conform, to coordinate actions been communist parties under Soviet direction. Orders would be dictated from Moscow to the capitals in Soviet fetish restrictions. Dont start throwing your weight around. In Moscow, we know better how to apply Marxism-Leninism. -Andrei Cadenza, spokesperson within the Conform In February 1948, Stalin approves a plan for a communist takeover of Czechoslovakia. Truman philosophical system 1947 CE The Truman Doctrine was a United States policy to halt the expansion of the Soviet Join during the Cold War.The policy sought to contain fabianism in Europe and elsewhere. Truman implored that the United States must support free peoples. The policy also provided military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey as the British pulled out. Berlin city of binaries Berlin was deep within the Soviet bloc. Initially, in Berlin, there was some effort to collaborate between East and West Berlin. This began to break atomic pile as democratically elec ted officials in the Berlin Parliament were being harassed by communists. Berlin shut off 24 June 1948 The Soviet Union decided to draw the entirety of Berlin into the Soviet zone.All land access commits to West Berlin were cut off choke was restricted and thing could be delivered. The Soviets offered to drop the blockade if the Western Allies withdrew the newly introduced Deutsche from West Berlin. aridity was a strategic political tool. In response to this, the Western Allies arranged an airlift to arrest supplies and necessities to the people Of West Berlin. The Western Allies managed to feed Berlin to get them through the winter. In early 1949, the blockade was lifted effectively, it was a failure for Stalin and a propaganda disaster.For the Germans, the Americans became saviors and liberators this cemented the German-American relationship. Battle lines set for the cold war On 01 October 1949, the Communist Party of China declared victory in the Chinese Civil War, and procl aimed the peoples land of China. Williams thesis was that America was ideologically hostile to China however, there was brief hope that China would be communist but independent, allied to either side-?the Soviets and Americans. Moscow sought to bring China under its control.Mao-?the Chinese Communist party leader-?allied himself with Stalin and embraced a destructive and unbending version of Marxism-Leninism, which resulted in the obscene starvation of at least 30 million people between 1959 ND 1 961 when Mayos theories of agriculture were lacking-?the cracking Chinese Famine. During the Korean War, Mao-?aligned with the Soviet union and North Korea-?pitted 300,000 Chinese troops against southwest Korea, which was defended by the United States and the United Nations. The atomic age the sass This period exemplifies the evolution of Cold War strategy.It was hoped during the sass and sass that war could check and conducted with nuclear weaponry. Policy was based on two ideas citie s would not be bombed, and Europe would be defended through a second Normandy. Everything would be pulled off the continent, and nuclear bombs would be dropped along the coast. Cuban missile crisis 1962 The idea of going to war ended with the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a basic illustration of international relations behavior which is used as protective by one faction is viewed as offensive by the other.As defense, the Ignited States installed missiles in Turkey when Khrushchev, the Soviet Unions leader, got word of this, he installed missiles in Cuba. The Americans took images of the missiles in Cuba, and threatened the Soviet union that if the missiles were not withdrawn, war would ensue. In the early sass, the world edged closer to nuclear war than it had to that point. The Soviet Union patronizeed bring down at the last moment, and the Americans began to draw conclusions from this no one wants a nuclear war. Paradoxically, the idea of a limited nuclear war was abandoned as an idea rather, mutual assured destruction would occur.Thus, any one nuclear assault would result in one response a monumental counterattack, resulting in a total war. The strategy to preserve ataraxis, therefore, would be the constant threat Of the alternative the risk of total war. This doctrine existed from the early sass o the mid-sass, and emerged again in the 1 9805. The central point was parity peace can only be achieved in a nuclear world when both sides have an match number of nuclear arms. The sass and sass dtent, parity, and eventual dissolution The nuclear bombs race was characterized by the constant need for parity, and not madness on both sides like some peace writers suggest.Richard Nixon, the united States President, and henry Singer, the United States Secretary of State, believed in the use of carrots and sticks to achieve dtent-?the loosening of tensions -with the Soviet Union. To achieve parity and end the ongoing nuclear race, both factio ns were to negotiate a reduction in nuclear arms-?they could step back together. The idea behind this was classic realism states with contrasting interests can only achieve cooperation through international institutions, rather than recognizing inherent state interests.There was a series of arms reductions in the 1 9705, which dissolved later in the decade, prompted by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the election of Ronald Reagan in the United States, who was ideologically hostile to the Soviet Union. Reagan believed that dtent had failed and revealed American weakness, potentially exposing America to strike by the Soviet Union. Thus, Reagan ramped up the rhetoric, called the Soviet Union an malefic empire, and launched a massive American military expansion to increase defense. Soviet plans in 1979 CE The Soviet Unions plan was predicated on the assumption of a NATO attack.The plan was defensive, and in the event of an American attack, the Soviet union planned to sacrifice P oland launch nuclear strikes on Vienna, Verona, Munich, Stuttgart, and Numerous launch conventional attacks on Britain and France sop up Budapest destruction and send Soviet troops to the Rhine. The intention was that the United States would negotiate and the Soviet Union would wage a nuclear war if the United States responded with a nuclear strike. On the brink of nuclear war 1983 CE On 26 September 1 983, the threat of a total nuclear war was imminent.Ronald Reagan increased defense spending, which prompted the Yuri Android, the General Secretary of the Communist party in Soviet Union, to believe that the Americans were contemplating a preventative strike against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union set-up new technology-?radar technology-?to detect attacks. In 1981 and 1 983, NATO launched a series of exercises. The most aggressive form was sending bombers near Soviet Union air space, and then having them keel Off. There were naval exercises near Turkey. These exercises were predo minately to conduct psychological warfare and to conglomerate intelligence data.In February 1 983, Soviet Union intelligence went into overdrive, convinced that the Americans were prepared to launch an attack. NATO began launching another(prenominal) series of exercises in the summer and autumn of 1983. On 01 September 1983, a Korean Airlines aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Union. Ronald Reagan launched Missile Shield System to intercept potential missiles. This convinced the Soviet Union that the United States had hostile intent. Senior members of the United States defense team participated in a mock nuclear war, further convincing the Soviet Union that the United States intended to strike.Blips equals missiles equals bomb equals war the closest point of total nuclear war In the midst of all this, on 26 September 1 983, Satanists Petrol was monitoring the security screen for the Soviet Union. He observed five blips, representing incoming world-wide ballistic missiles. He was to press a button which would trigger Soviet Missiles to be fired. However, he contemplated why there would only be five missiles-?if NATO were to strike, they would send more than five missiles. He paused, and the blips disappeared.This was the closest point We came to nuclear War. Two years later, Mikhail Geographer became the General Secretary of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. He launches perestroika economically and reformed communist in order to save it a result of this reform was a series of arms reductions strategies. The Soviet Union stopd in 1991 , effectively ending the Cold War. The end of the cold war different interpretations The end of the Cold War revealed the inherent weakness of the Soviet union-?the united States did not need to do anything.The Soviet union was a flawed economic model and did not get out any growth. Some argue that it was Geographer, paradoxically, while he wanted to save the Soviet Union, that led to its collapse by initiating reform, allowing dissent, and announcing the Sinatra Doctrine, allowing east European sovereignty over their affairs. A fading economy and political agitation lead to the end of the Soviet Union. The great hero was Ronald Reagan, be form he spurred the Soviet Union into ear loser by causing the Soviet Unions defense spending to surge to unsustainable levels.Cold war varying theses as to its cause To the revisionist thesis, America was hostile to the type of government that the Soviet Union imposed on Eastern Europe. The hostility was about politics, not markets. The fundamental failure of W. Williams argument was that 70-80 percent of Americas market was based on internal consumption until the sass, the American economy produced a surplus. Therefore, the United States was fundamentally and Ideologically opposed to Soviet Union communism. Nevertheless, the United States baited, bluffed, and outnumbered the Soviet union.However, this does not mean that the Cold War was the Americans fault. The Cold War could not be avoided. The revisionist, anti-American thesis is supported by their actions in Latin America, Vietnam, the Middle East. The orthodox, pro-Soviet union thesis denied the panic and believed the Soviet Union was a workers paradise. Despite the depression and absence of democracy, the Soviet Union received massive intellectual support. Imagine, if you will, someone who read only the Readers Digest between 950 and 1970, and someone in the same period who read only The Nation or the New Statesman.Which reader would have been better informed about the realities of Communism? The answer, I think, should give us pause. Can it be that our enemies were right? -?Susan Sonata Key terms War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by state and non-state actors. Limited war is a conflict in which the belligerents participating in war do not expend all of individually of the participants available resources at their disposal. Total war is a war in which a belligerent mobiles its population for war reduction. The word total refers to the extent of manipulation, not the extent of destruction.

Writing Deficiencies in Today

Employers rank oral and written skills as nigh of the most valuable qualifications desirable when looking for new hiring tail assemblydidates (Gray, 2005). Writings unavoidableness to be informative, concise, free of spell out and grammatical errors. Additionally, effective business communication inquires to be accurate and clear in meaning. Implications of unretentive grammar skills of todays employees on company profitability can quickly add up into the billions. Company productivity can be effected receivable to poor communication between employees and customers.The need to have material understand by different employees because of poorly written material causes lost time and productivity. Instructions being misinterpreted due to poorly written material causes unnecessary time being lost. The academic community has long debated the need to teach grammar skills and its benefits to students. Unfortunately college students are graduating every day without the simple basic kno wledge of sentence structure, recite or grammar (College Bad, The National Commission on Writing for Americas Families, Schools, andColleges, 2004). Traditionally, two different approaches have been used. In the asss, a rule-based, approach which used repetitive drills and sentence diagramming was employed. This theory was proven ineffective by weaver in 1 996 (Weaver, 1996), and a context-based, theory was adopted, which focused on students learning language by utilise a specific content. Regardless of the approach taken it is clear that it is necessary to take charge of our students need to learn grammar skills at an early age and to reinforce Hess skills throughout their school age years.

Laura Ashley Holdings Plc Essay

1) How have changes relating to management and nerveal structural affected a global ecesis of your choice, over the last 75 years. Relate your findings to growth, distribution, and assorted external influences and strategies.2) Undertake a SWOT analysis and apologise its relevance in relation to your company and/or its sectorWord Count 1250. Harvard Style Referencing. Bibliography Required. spheric brass section Laura Ashley Holdings Plc has suffered differing fortunes since Bernard and Laura Ashley founded it in the fifties. It has been involved in the designing, manufacturing, distribution and selling of garments, accessories, perfume, gift items, fabric, w solely coverings, bedding, lighting, and furniture. Famed for its flowered prints, the chain was risquely successful during the early and mid 1980s but things changed in the early mid-nineties when various management and structural problems as headspring as those relating to growth, distribution, and various external i nfluences such as global recession surfacedLaura Ashley herself died in 1985. There is a notable difference in the organisation up to and after(prenominal) this year. Up to 1985, it was a simply mental synthesisd, steadily expanding organisation operating in a non-complex environs (complexity arises when there are numerous complicated environmental influences Johnson and Scholes, 1989). In the months and years after, many changes took place. Laura Ashley went public in flotation, acquired other companies involved in areas such as knitwear and perfume, made heavier investments in manufacturing and information technology (IT), go towards segmentation with Mother and Child shops, exclusively home furnishing shops and unit shops (franchise operations). The organisation moved gradually aside(predicate) from vertical consolidation (it had always manufactured and delivered all goods itself) The Guardian reported that Laura Ashley was withdrawing from manufacturing by the end of the year in 1998.In club to facilitate growth, there was a shift from the simple functional organisational structure to a more complex divisional structure (which wasre-organised with every change of leadership). The most notable question executive directors of Laura Ashley who were in place whilst and after problems developed were Jim Maxmin (1991-1994) and Ann Iverson (1995-1997). Each of these people were responsible for major overhauls within the organisation. Vora (1998) states, Laura Ashley has undergone various restructuring strategies and umpteen management upheavals, all to no avail, and all of which have decimated shareholder value and abused the blade call down.As highlighted above, the major problems of Laura Ashley began to manifest in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first go under of profits were reported in the year to January 1989. It is important, then, to insure at its success before this from its beginnings in the 1950s to 1985. One area to naturally cons ider is the key success factors of the organisation for this period i.e. what specifically prat its success is attributed to. Key success factors are what an organisation must do well in order to be successful, be an trenchant competitor and satisfy stakeholder requirements (Thompson, 1997). Bearing this in mind, the key success factors of Laura Ashley up to 1985 are identified as high quality production, innovative designs, good brand management (the Laura Ashley name was and is strong), well placing of stores, creation of good atmospheres in stores, general design and creative competencies, staff training, creation of a vertically integrated structure and operation within a simplistic organisational structure in general.Also, the separates IT capabilities factored into the success as it was a source of competitive advantage e.g. they were an early adopter of electronic point of sale (Heath, 1996 as cited by Johnson and Scholes, 1999). These factors may alike be interpreted as strategical excellence positions (SEPs), which notify be described as the capabilities, which allow an organisation to produce better than number firmnesss in comparison with competitors (PUmpin, 1987).Thompson (1997) presents a particularly useful model that can be helpful in explaining the success of Laura Ashley up to 1985. The EVR congruence model, by Thompson, considers if an organisation is being managed effectively with regards to strategy. It represents the matching of an organisations resources (for Laura Ashley these would include plants, vehicles, IT systemsand locations) to the key success factors dictated by the environment (external factors such as opportunities and threats, stakeholders, competition etc). A determinant in matching these is the values of the organisation (again, in the case of Laura Ashley, these would include the lifestyle they puzzle ahead/project, shop designs and atmospheres, product designs, the brand, staff training policy and the family cu lture). If the congruence (fit) between these three areas is great, then this indicates effective management of resources (Hamel and Prahalad 1993 comment that it is important for organisations to manage resources well in order to achieve objectives), strategy prep and all-round success.It can be argued that the success of Laura Ashley up to 1985 can be attributed to great EVR congruence. That is such things as the number of shops and plants, distribution systems, stakeholders, threats (including competition), products, level of vertical integration and so on fit together well in relation to the size, structure, culture and speed of growth of the organisation then. The key success factors are also indicative of this congruence.So that they can be developed to help ensure both present and futurity success, it is important key success factors are recognised and understood. One particular way Laura Ashley could do this is by a SWOT analysis. This reviews an organisations internal s trengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats in the external environment (Cole, 1996). This may be done for a particular moment in time or as an overview encompassing the recent and present. As made clear, Laura Ashley has faced much change during its existence. Opportunities and threats come about as a result of constant change and the SWOT analysis can help to identify these and internal strengths and weaknesses relevant when transaction with change (Johnson and Scholes, 1989).This SWOT analysis can be used in relation to analysing the problems faced by Laura Ashley in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. They can be greatly attributed to the weaknesses and threats identified. For example, fluctuations in the economy had a knock-on effect on the sale of property and hence on the sale of household furnishings. Also, high borrowing, wastage and coerce discounting meant that, despite sales increases, shops were making a loss. The reorganisations in 1988, 1991 and twice in 1995 had their effect too they were pricey and highlighted inefficiency. Chandler (1977) states that structures are not adapted until pressure of inefficiency forces the change and that this change process is usually a traumatic one often carried out by a different chief executive each time. Upon and after his appointment in 1991, Jim Maxmin found that the organisation lacked a core identity, clear strategies, empowered staff, thorough merchandise research, efficient logistics, and many problems in the US such as limited growth, poor management and rake problems.He responded with his Simplify, Focus and Act programme. This included reorganisation, institution of a orbiculate Operations decision maker (GOE) and Global Collection Development (GCD) which aided globalisation and marketing, encouragement to empower staff, an alliance with Federal Express job Logistics to improve delivery and distribution systems, sourcing half of the organisations manufacturing tothe Far Eas t (rather than in-house in Britain) and management replacement in the US. Before leaving Laura Ashley in 1994, Jim Maxmin commented that throughout the entire organisation, people has embraced the principles of the Simplify, Focus and Act programme and set about sorting out the operational problems which have plagued Laura Ashley (Maxmin, 1993 as cited by Warnaby, 1994).Ann Iverson was appointed chief executive of Laura Ashley in 1995. She was to spearhead the rush into the US and revamp the product range (Teather, 1999). Her observations found various problems all of which can again be attributed to identified weaknesses. It was found that the product range was too broad, there was no unified look to match globalisation, the supply chain was inefficient and problems continued in the US. Ann Iversons resolution included strengthening the alliance with Federal Express Business Logistics, opening larger stores in the US and reviewing marketing and sales. These changes were considere d to be good as Laura Ashley restored dividend payments in 1996 for the first time since 1989. Ann Iverson was dismissed in 1997, however, primarily due to continuing problems in the US and the organisations image (Keynotes, 1997).Each of the changes mentioned came about from the organisations particular strengths (as identified) at the time. For example, whilst such things as restructuring and shop closures were happening, the strong name of Laura Ashley and strong guest loyalty were greatly relied upon. Bowman and Asch (1987) comment that the strengths of an organisation are a if not the determinant in how it handles weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Opportunities open to the organisation in dealing with its various problems can be identified as the opportunities in the SWOT analysis. Opportunities change and differ over time. For example, the alliance with Federal Express Business Logistics resulted from available opportunities at the time. A possible opportunity in the earl y 1990s would have been a speedier move away from vertical integration for example.Laura Ashley became totally vertically integrated in the 1970s and continuedto be so though gradually moved away from this in the 1990s completely in 1998. Vertical integration can be backwards e.g. manufacturer purchasing/owning supplier and forwards e.g. manufacturer purchasing/owning retail merchant Laura Ashley was both backwardly and forwardly vertically integrated everything from the supplying of materials and manufacturing to distribution and retail. The main benefits of this throughout the organisations increase included greater control, greater ability to differentiate, the opportunity to achieve economies of scale (higher margins), assurance of supply and greater synergy. Despite this, there were numerous disadvantages particularly that it was costly and greatly increased operational leverage as well as the need to keep up with technological change.This tied up gravid having long-term affects. It meant that there was not full concentration of key strengths (design and retail) on which key success factors are restricted (Thompson, 1997). Furthermore, vertical integration was inflexible (cheaper manufacturers could not be sourced) and sensitivity to decreases in sales increased. It was the cost view that had the greatest impact particularly in the face of costly expansion (especially in the US). Warnaby (1994) comments that vertical integration was responsible for financial problems in the early 1990s. The costs of vertical integration had an impact on the organisations ability to successfully expand internationally.Perhaps with the exception of a distinctive product look and the adoption of a divisional structure, Laura Ashley did not expand internationally applying Treadgolds keys/strategies each was applied/introduced incrementally as problems arose to highlight the need e.g. it was not until 1995 when Ann Iverson felt the need for a unified product look. T his is indicative that the organisation was not particularly capable of embarking on such ambitious international expansion as it did. This is highlighted by the numerous problems faced by the organisation e.g. poor marketing/marketing strategy, inefficient logistics and lack of stress and clear strategy. Additionally, the paternalistic management style was not suited to rapid expansion and this coupled with high finance demands from vertical integration, reorganisation and early acquisitions further indicate poor planning in damage of developmentLaura Ashley has faced so many problems throughout its existence. Problems owing to management, organisational structure, logistics and rapid international expansion continuously came and went. In 1998 bankruptcy looked imminent but an injection of ?44 million in equity capital by Malaysian businessman Dr Kay Peng Khoo (giving his MUI property company 47.5% share ownership whilst the Ashley family retained just 9% Gibbs, 1999). He install ed Ng Kwan Cheong as chief executive who made changes including the disposal of the problematic North American franchise (retail operations were sold to a management buyout team for $1 at the end of July, 1999 Gibbs, 1999), targeting of younger markets and investment in e-commerce (Abdullah, 2000).However, all of these changes looked to have no major impact in the Groups success with sales steadily decreasing from 1998. Whether or not Laura Ashley manages to achieve the sort of success it enjoyed in the early 1980s under its new management remains to be seen as does its survival. Chief Executive Ng Kwan Cheong refrained from placing false hopes, commenting in March of 2000 We have a lot of things to do. All I can say is we are moving in the right direction and things are changing (Cheong, 2000 as cited by Abdullah, 2000).REFERENCESTexts Bowman, C. and Asch, C. (1987). Strategic solicitude. Macmillan Education. Chandler, A.D. (1997). The Visible Hand The coifferial Revolution in American Business. Harvard University Press. Cole, G.A. (1996). charge Theory and Practice (5th Edition). Letts Educational. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (1989). Exploring Corporate outline Text and Cases. assimilator Hall. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (1999). Exploring Corporate outline Text and Cases (5th Edition). Prentice Hall. PUmpin, C. (1987). The Essence of Corporate Strategy. Gower. Thompson, J.L. (1997). Strategic Management Awareness and Change. International Thomson Business Press.Journals and Publications Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K. (1993). Strategy as stretch and leverage. Harvard Business Review, 71, March-April, pp75-84. Keynotes (1997), Keynote Market Report Clothing Retailing, 1997 Reports, p23. Treadgold, A. (1991) Dixons and Laura Ashley divergent Routes to International Growth. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. Vol. 19(4), pp13-19. Warnaby, G. (1994). Laura Ashley An International Retail Brand. Management Decision, Volume 32 (3). Other Abdullah, S.A. Turning around Laura Ashley. http//adtimes.nstp.com.my/archive/mar3.htm (09 declination 2000). Gibbs, G. (1999) Laura Ashley bids farewell The Guardian unfathomable Archive. http//www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/Archive/ bind/0,4273,3904775,00.html (18 December 2000). Teather, D. (1999) Banks push Laura Ashley to quit US The Guardian Unlimited Archive.http//www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3855892,00.html (18 December 2000). Vora, K. (1998) Lessons from Laura Ashley. The Motley Fool The Daily Fool, Evening Fool Tuesday, 03 March 1998, (online) (cited 04 January 2001). http//www.fool.co.uk/DailyFool/1998/DailyFool980303.htm .BIBLIOGRAPHYTexts Cole, G.A. (1997). Strategic Management (2nd Edition). Continuum. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R. (1994) Strategy Process, Content, Context An International Perspective. West Publishing. Hatch, M.J. (1997). Organization Theory. Oxford. Palmer, A. and Hartley, B. (1996). The Business and market Environment (2nd Edi tion). McGraw-Hill. Palmer, A. (2000). Principles of Marketing. Oxford. Porter, M.E. (1980) Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competition. The Free Press. Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. The Free Press. Wild, R. (1994) How to Manage (2nd Edition). BCA.Other Framed-Art Wholesale. Laura Ashley The History http//www.framedartwholesale.com/aboutLA.htm (20 December 2000). Herzog, J. (1997) Laura Ashley closure a strategic decision. Daily Yale News Online Friday, 12 September 1997, (online) (cited 20 December 2000). http//www.yale.edu/ydn/paper/9.12.97/I-1lauraashley.html . Hoovers Online. Laura Ashley Holdings Plc Company Capsule Companies and Industries http//www.hoovers.co.uk/uk?capsule/5/0,3042,90245,00.html?referer= (20 December 2000). Wetfeet. Laura Ashley Holdings Plc Company Profiles. http//www.wetfeet.com/asp/companyprofiles.asp (18 December 2000). Wright Investors Service. Research Report Laur a Ashley Holdings Plc Corporate Information http//profiles.wisi.com/profiles/scripts/corpinfo2.asp?cusip=C826EG930 (18 December 2000).

My favorite place Essay

Lets walk through a 5-step process for building a carve up. For each step there is an explanation and example. Our example paragraph will be about striver spirituals, the original songs that African Americans created during slavery. The model paragraph uses illustration (giving examples) to prove its point. whole step 1. Decide on a arrogant whim and create a topic condemn Paragraph development begins with the formulation of the controlling idea. This idea directs the paragraphs development. Often, the controlling idea of a paragraph will appear in the form of a topic sentence. In some cases, you may need more than one sentence to express a paragraphs controlling idea. hither is the controlling idea for our model paragraph, evince in a topic sentenceModel controlling idea and topic sentence hard worker spirituals often had hidden double over meanings. Step 2. Explain the controlling ideaParagraph development continues with an fount of the rationale or the explanation that the writer gives for how the reader should interpret the information presented in the idea asseveration or topic sentence of the paragraph. The writer explains his/her thinking about the main topic, idea, or focus of the paragraph. hithers the sentence that would follow the controlling idea about slave spiritualsModel explanationOn one level, spirituals referenced heaven, deliverer, and the soul but on a nonher level, the songs spoke about slave resistance. Step 3. Give an example (or multiple examples)Paragraph development progresses with the expression of some type of support or evidence for the idea and the explanation that came before it. The example serves as a sign or type of the relationship established in the idea and explanation portions of the paragraph. Here are two examples that we could use to enlarge the double meanings in slave spiritualsModel example AFor example, check to Frederick Douglass, the song O Canaan, kind Canaan spoke of slaves longing for heaven, but it also expressed their require to escape to the North. Careful listeners comprehend thissecond meaning in the following lyrics I dont dwell to stay / more than longer here. / Run to Jesus, shun the danger. / I dont expect to stay. Model example BSlaves even used songs like Steal Away to Jesus (at midnight) to announce to other slaves the time and take of secret, forbidden meetings. Step 4. Explain the example(s)The next movement in paragraph development is an explanation of each example and its relevance to the topic sentence and rationale that were stated at the beginning of the paragraph. This explanation shows readers why you chose to use this/or these particular examples as evidence to support the major claim, or focus, in your paragraph. move the pattern of giving examples and explaining them until all points/examples that the writer deems necessary chip in been made and explained. NONE of your examples should be unexpended unexplained. You business leader be able to exp lain the relationship amongst the example and the topic sentence in the same sentence which introduced the example. More often, however, you will need to explain that relationship in a straighten out sentence. Look at these explanations for the two examples in the slave spirituals paragraphModel explanation for example AWhen slaves sang this song, they could keep back been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North. Model explanation for example BThe relationship between example B and the main idea of the paragraphs controlling idea is clear affluent without adding another sentence to explain it. Step 5. Complete the paragraphs idea or variety into the next paragraph The final movement in paragraph development involves tying up the unfounded ends of the paragraph and reminding the reader of the relevance of the information in this par agraph to the main or controlling idea of the paper. At this point, you can remind your reader about the relevance of the information that you just discussed in the paragraph. You might feel more comfortable, however, simply transitioning your reader to the next development in the next paragraph. Heres an example of a sentence that completes the slave spirituals paragraphModel sentence for completing a paragraphWhat whites heard as merely spiritual songs, slaves discerned as detailed messages. The hidden meanings in spirituals allowed slaves to sing what they could not say. Notice that the example and explanation steps of this 5-step process (steps 3 and 4) can be repeated as needed. The idea is that you continue to use this pattern until you have completely developed the main idea of the paragraph.Here is a look at the completed model paragraphSlave spirituals often had hidden double meanings. On one level, spirituals referenced heaven, Jesus, and the soul, but on another level, th e songs spoke about slave resistance. For example, according to Frederick Douglass, the song O Canaan, Sweet Canaan spoke of slaves longing for heaven, but it also expressed their desire to escape to the North. Careful listeners heard this second meaning in the following lyrics I dont expect to stay / Much longer here. / Run to Jesus, shun the danger. / I dont expect to stay. When slaves sang this song, they could have been speaking of their departure from this life and their arrival in heaven however, they also could have been describing their plans to leave the South and run, not to Jesus, but to the North. Slaves even used songs like Steal Away to Jesus (at midnight) to announce to other slaves the time and place of secret, forbidden meetings. What whites heard as merely spiritual songs, slaves discerned as detailed messages. The hidden meanings in spirituals allowed slaves to sing what they could not say.

Contrasting Differences Between “the Cooperative” and “Hsbc Plc”

The purpose of this essay is to apologize and analyze contrasting differences between The Cooperative and HSBC plc, and to excuse its stakeholders. At the end I will explain and evaluate their mission aims, objectives and impact of their companies. The simplest form of admitership and possibly the most common too, is sole-trading, which is owned by one individual. Possibly this individual opened his bon ton by using his savings or sooner commonly by means of a bank loan. He is capable of running e genuinely flavour of his business and is solely responsible for is business.Most multinationals generating billions of pounds per year of our days started as sole-trading companies. Partnerships be the next evolutionary step. They ar owned by two or much individuals, usually specialists who join venture. As sole-trading all parties make privately towards the business capital by means of savings or bank loans, usually gain grounds atomic number 18 sh bed depending on how much ca pital was invested by each party. There can be partners who usually do not take part in the running of the caller-out called sleeping or dormant(ip) partners they mainly invest and share the profits.Private Limited Companies (Ltd) are companies whose ownership is divided into equal parts called shares, who own these shares in turn are called shareholder, only by consent of all shareholders can shares be change to a particular buyer and usually who owns more shares ultimately has majority of the decision devising. This type of company is considered to be an entity of its own, the owners only run it. Public Limited Companies (Plc) follow the equivalent principle has Ltd companies but they must first of all, raise sufficient capital, minimum of ? 50,000. 0 by selling its shares in the stock grocery . A minimum of two directors, two members and a qualified secretary are needed to calling as a Plc and its directors must provide statutory documentation to the companies house. Coo perative Companies are raised through an association between individuals united usually by socio-economical factors. Capital is raised privately and no occasion how much one shareholder invests in contrast with others, shareholders he or she has only one vote, heart this every shareholder has the same power. Democracy is the cornerstone of this type of company.Shared responsibilities towards decision planning policy making and aims of this company are done by every member, capital is owned in common dimension of the cooperative. Main advantages are equally shared out ownership, equally shared profits depending on how much invested companionable and economic awareness service and products, environmental awareness. Main disadvantages can be monetary control, management authority poor planning, and unyieldinger decision making less trust in the cooperative ideology. Franchises are delimit as trading under the name of a third party company.The franchiser gives a license to the franchisee to mete out under its name. Its main characteristic is how the business is ran, the franchisee owns and operates the business but the franchiser maintains control over the products or services sold, its marketing, quality and standards of the entire business. The two companies I will talking will be The Cooperative which travel into the cooperative type of company and HSBC Holdings which is under the public limited company category. HSBC Holdings exist to provide financial services worldwide.The Co-operative are democratically run by members to meet their common needs and aspirations Their main argue is not chasing profits like other types of ownership businesses, but the ability to steer their products and services in a more responsible direction. The Cooperative provides food and retail products, financial, funeral care, legal, pharmacy and travel services. HSBC Holdings provide a range of financial services, personal, commercial, corporate investment and private ban king customers. The Co-operative is run by over two-and a-half-million of members who share on how the businesses are run.HSBC Holdings is run by a board of directors but the owners are the investors and shareholders who have bought the companys various types of shares. HSBC Holdings is an entity of its own, meaning it has legal rights and responsibilities and is apply in such course to conduct business only in the interests of its shareholders who invest their capital and the employees who contribute towards the company with their labour. The Co-operative is defined as being an association of individuals who voluntarily unified to meet common cultural, social and economic needs.They come to be a democratically owned and controlled business. Its members have a say in how the business is run, by attending meetings, voting for their representatives, this way members model policies, both at ethical and operational levels. The level of learn is irrespective of how much a member in vests, it can be one pound or one hundred thousand pounds. Stakeholders are individuals or groups who contribute voluntarily or involuntarily with their wealth to create profitable businesses. They are the potential beneficiaries or risk bearers of their business.They can be active or non-active representatives members in their companies. Commonly these days stakeholder term is used to represent individuals or make-ups who have legitimate interests in projects or entities. The concept of stakeholder can be more widely used to include other forms of individuals or organizations that may not take part in benefit or profit sharing but still have a stake in the business involved, this can be employees, pressure groups, customers, suppliers, communities, governmental bodies.HSBC Holdings, and The Co-operative have various types of stakeholders and the ones with a direct influence over the company are the national stakeholders. In the carapace of HSBC Holdings these are the owners, bo ard of directors, and employees. In the case of The Co-operative these are the owners, board of directors, employees and its members who actively are encouraged by the company to take part in the running of the business. The mportance of stakeholder is to support its organization in achieving its strategical objectives, by interpreting and influencing the external and internal environments and creating commanding relationships, the stakeholders through correct management of their expectations and agreed objectives. This management is a process that must be think and guided by the principles stipulated by the stakeholders. In the case of the Co-operative we can see their entire business in managed in accordance of all their members.Has the business was created to help and support communities all their stakeholders from directors to stave members have the same influence on how the business is run. Most master(prenominal)ly all its shareholders agree the main factor of the company is to provide trustworthys and services at reasonable prices, ethically viable and do not look for profit margins with the exception to stay in business and grow. HSBC Holdings believe their success is the only outcome required by their shareholders if not their stakeholders would not invest, good employees would not postulate to work for them and the customers would not want to bank with them.They want to be the largest international financial institution, have a cosmopolitan customer infantry and to have substantial financial strength. Except for The Co-operative whose stakeholders do not necessarily look for profits, like HSBC Holdings, both cases owners and senior staff look for performance and direct their business according to their aims and objectives they want to get a good counter on their investment, non-managerial staff mainly look for quality and security of jobs, good pay of rates, job satisfaction, good benefits promotion prospectus.Their main external stakeholder s even if not necessary for this essay I feel it is important to explain their importance too, governments look for low employment risks and ability to gain profits through taxation, wiliness unions look for working conditions, wages and legal requirements, customers for quality, value and more recently for ethical services or products and local communities who want to be involved in their business and expect job security, expect environmental and social issues best interests to be answered. two companies have been around for more than a century, both believe their stakeholders internal or external have a fundamental importance in their companies both have polar objectives and aims but, similarly both believe in managing their business in a sustainable way and winning responsible attention in their decisions to be successful in the long term. They have taken very different routes simply because the aims and objectives expected by their stakeholders are not just that.Creating aims and objectives is no easy assess especially when both terms have vague distinctions and imprecise definitions. All business has a hierarchy which usually starts from their mission didactics to their aims and finally to their objectives. Objectives give the business clear defined targets it is a little picture of the business and plans must then be setup to achieve the objective in question, they are stated into measurable targets using S. M. A. R. T. definition-. -Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic and Time.Objectives can then be considered strong suit to long term tendencys required by a business to maintain its path these are the strategic objectives, the day -to-day or short-term objectives are called tactical objectives they help the strategic objectives being accomplished. Aim is the goal or general statement a business wants to achieve. They are important in developing weapon and evaluate a business future. Aims are long term plans necessary for a business and w here businesses objectives derive.Usually businesses may have several aims and objectives, all simply depend of the nature of the business. The most common can be to make profit, survive, expand, break even, improve quality, competitive value, and more recently, more and more business aim to be environmentally friendly. All of these help any business to be able to stay, in business. Objectives and aims provide a clear structure for all of the various activities that an organization carries out.Measuring how well an objective have or not been achieved, managers can make necessary arrangements to their activities to ensure progress and achievements of the stated mission statements, aims and objectives are followed. Aims and objectives within an organization are established at a number of levels from top level corporate objectives, all the way down to team objectives and individual objectives that create a framework for operational activities.An example could be the customer service de partment of HSBC Holdings which aims to satisfy customers, and the marketing department which aims to identify customers needs. HSBC Holdings mission statement is We are the worlds local bank meaning they want to be the largest international rising markets bank, widespread international network focus on a unique international customer base and have unquestioned financial strength. To achieve this their aim is to run a sustainable usiness in long terms, to do this they want to give their stakeholders sustainable profits, have and build long-lasting relationships with their customers, value their employee, respecting environmental boundaries and expend in communities. The Co-operative mission statement is From community projects to a share of the profits, were good for everyone. They believe in providing ethical services and goods from banking travel, pharmacy, legal services, funeral care, food and on-line shopping only in the United Kingdom.They are a group who base their aims on their ethical values, influencing this way the way they do business. Their aim in this way is to show good quality products and services do not have to come at the expense of honesty and social responsibility. We can see HSBC Holdings and The Co-operative mission statements, aims and objectives focus their business in maintaining their purpose. Both businesses believe in sustainability of their employees, communities and environmental values but differ on how their profits are shared and who runs the business.The Co-operative by being managed in a democratically way focus its aims and objectives in ethical issues, in the interests of all their internal and external shareholders. HSBC Holdings most important aim and objective are actually to elevate profits for their internal shareholders and expanding worldwide.Bibliography www. hsbc. co. uk -Accessed more than once www. thecooperative. coop -Accessed more than once Tutor Handouts http//go. guildford. ac. uk/webapps/portal/frameset . jsp? tab_id=_2_1&universal resource locator=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_9140_1%26url%3D